UnlockSec

Sample Assessment Report

Redacted for confidentiality

Q1 2025

Cloud Security

AWS, Azure & GCP Security Assessment

Client

Confidential Client — Enterprise Technology Company

Scope

AWS multi-account environment (12 accounts), AWS Organisations with SCPs, EC2 fleet (340 instances), RDS, S3 (180 buckets), IAM configuration

Duration

8 business days

Standard

AWS CIS Benchmark v2.0

Executive Summary

UnlockSec conducted a comprehensive AWS environment security assessment across the client's 12-account organisation. Critical findings include a publicly accessible S3 bucket containing customer PII, an IAM privilege escalation path from a developer role to full administrator access, and 23 EC2 instances running IMDSv1 exploitable via SSRF vulnerabilities in hosted web applications.

Methodology

AWS CIS Benchmark v2.0AWS Well-Architected FrameworkMITRE ATT&CK CloudCloudSploit Configuration Review

Sample Findings

CLD-001

Public S3 Bucket — Customer PII Exposed

Critical

Description

S3 bucket 'client-prod-exports-2024' has Block Public Access disabled and a bucket policy granting s3:GetObject to Principal: '*'. The bucket contains 47,000 customer records including names, email addresses, and partial payment information in CSV export format.

Recommendation

Enable Block Public Access on all S3 buckets immediately. Audit all bucket policies using AWS Config rule 's3-bucket-public-read-prohibited'. Enable S3 server-side encryption and access logging. Notify affected customers per applicable breach notification requirements.

CLD-002

IAM Privilege Escalation — Developer to Administrator

Critical

Description

The 'developer' IAM role has iam:AttachRolePolicy permission scoped to all resources. By attaching the AdministratorAccess managed policy to their own role, any developer can escalate to full AWS account administrator without triggering CloudTrail alerts configured for direct AdministratorAccess attachment.

Recommendation

Remove iam:AttachRolePolicy, iam:PutRolePolicy, and iam:CreatePolicyVersion from all developer roles. Implement SCPs to prevent PrivEsc paths at the organisation level. Use AWS IAM Access Analyzer to continuously identify privilege escalation paths.

CLD-003

IMDSv1 Enabled — SSRF to Credential Theft Path

High

Description

23 EC2 instances have IMDSv1 enabled. Several of these instances run web applications with unpatched SSRF vulnerabilities. An attacker exploiting an SSRF can call http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/ to retrieve the instance's IAM role temporary credentials.

Recommendation

Require IMDSv2 on all EC2 instances via instance metadata options. Apply this configuration via AWS Config remediation or Systems Manager Automation. Patch identified SSRF vulnerabilities in hosted web applications.

CLD-004

CloudTrail — Disabled in 3 Regions

High

Description

CloudTrail multi-region logging is not configured. Trails exist only in us-east-1 and eu-west-1. Three additional regions (ap-southeast-1, ap-northeast-1, eu-central-1) have no CloudTrail logging, creating forensic blind spots exploited by advanced threat actors for staging activities.

Recommendation

Enable CloudTrail in all regions using an organisation-level trail. Configure log file integrity validation and S3 server-side encryption. Enable CloudTrail insights to detect unusual API call rates.

* Showing 4 of 55 total findings. Full report provided upon engagement.

Risk Summary

Critical3
High11
Medium19
Low14
Info8
Total Findings55

Deliverables Included

  • AWS CIS Benchmark compliance report
  • IAM privilege escalation path analysis
  • S3 public exposure inventory
  • CloudTrail and monitoring gap analysis
  • Infrastructure-as-Code remediation templates (Terraform/CloudFormation)

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